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WINDOW TIPS AND TROUBLE SHOOTING

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Trouble shootings

1. There is no run command in start menu

=> Go to start properties

=> In task bar &start menu properties, go to start menu tab.

=> In customize start menu press on Advance tab

=> Scroll down and tick on run command then

=> Click on ok.

2. To remove or rename OS name from boot option

=> Go to run & type cmd

=> Go to C:\

=>Type:

"Attrib<space>-h<space>-s<space>-r<space>boot.ini"

=>Open My Computer-C drive-open boot.ini

=> Remove or rename unwanted line (last line)

=> Save boot.ini

=> Go to command

=>Type: "attrib<space>+h<space>+s<space>+r<space>boot.ini"

=>Reboot your pc

3. Customize power key to save current setting to prevent accidently power key shutdown

=> Go to control pannel-power option/mgmt double click on it

=> Go to advance

=> Enable hybernate

4. How to customize/arrange programme list setting

=> Go to C drive & open document and setting

=> Choose all users &open it

=> Open start menu programme

=> Copy programme shortcut or create new folder.

5. How to shut down computer using command

=> Win (ÿ) +R then type:

"s<space>r<space>t<space>time

s: shutdown

r: restart

t: time (in second)

6. How can PC start fast

=> Go to run and type:

msconfig

=> Click on startup tab

=> untick unnecessary programmed

=> Apply

=> Exit with restart

7. How to make PC fast

=> Go to run type ms config

=> Click on service tab (Only in XP)

=> disable unnecessary programme

=> Apply

8. Schedule taskbar

=> Go to control pannel

=> Open schedule task

=> Click on add scheduled task

=>Tick on advance properties

=> Click on finish

9 .Create shortcut on desktop

=> Right click on desktop

=> Click on new

=>click on shortcut

=>Browse your shortcut

10. Shortcut for run

* appwiz.cpl - add or remove programme

* desk.cpl - display properties

* inet.cpl - internet option

* mmsys.cpl - sound and audio

* ncpa.cpl - network connection

* nusrmgr.cpl - user account

* powrecfg.cpl - power option

* sysdm.cpl - system properties

11. To bring shutdown box

=> Go to start - run and type notepad

=> In notepad type given command in one line

=> (new <Activexobject("shell.application")>.shutdown windows();

=> Save & close file

12. Increase space of hard disk

=> Go to run

=> Type : %temp% 8

=> Delete all files inside it

=> Right click on disk drive to clean

=> Go to properties

=> Click on disk cleanup

=>Go to run & type verifier to verify faulty driver

13. Disable/Enable Explorer thumbnail view

=> Go to run & type regedit

=> Go to: HKEY-current-user\Software\microsoft\windows\current version\explorer\advance\(edit) classic view

1-to hide thumbnail

2-to show thumbnail

14. Enable/disable task manager

=> Go to run and type regedit

=> Go to: HKEY-current user\software\microsoft\windows\current version\policies\system

=> Create the Dword value

=> disable task manager

=> Give its value:

0 to enable

1 to disable

15. Hiding windows version in desktop

Regedit\Hkey-current-user\control panel\desktop\ <edit or create word entry>

=> Paint desktop version

=> Value 0 will hide the version from the desktop

=> Log off

16. No GUI boot

=> Go to run / msconfig

=> Click on Boot.ini tab

=> Check the box for NO GUI boot

17. Hide/unhide logon name

=> Go to run\regedit:

HKEY-LOCAL-MACHINE\Software\microsoft\windows NT\current version\win logon\special account\user list

=> Add Dword with the name of user account you want to hide make sure it has value 0

=> If there is existing account you can unhide it by giving its a value 1

18. Window XP command line utilities

=> Open command then

* boot.cfg - Change boot.ini files

* driverquery - displays list of all installed devices, driver & their properties

* schtask - scheduled command & programme to run at given time

19. To change CPU speed in system property

=>Go to start\run\regedit:

Hkey-local-machine\hardware\description\system\central processer\0\processer name string <double click>

20. Disable error reporting

=>Right click on my computer

=> Select properties/advance

=> Click on the error reporting tab

=> Check disable error reporting

21. Automatically ending non responding tab

=> start regedit

=>Go to Hkey-current-user\control pannel\desktop\auto end task\edit its value to 1

22. load fast menu

=>Start regedit:

HKEY-Current-user\Control panel\desktop\menu show delay\<edit>its value to 80

23. Common command console utilities

=> Command line

#Disk defrag: dfrg.msc

#Event viewer: eventvwr.msc

#shared folder: fsmgmt.msc

#Group policies: gpealt.msc

#Local users and groups: lusrmgr.msc

#Performance monitor: perfmon.msc

#Resultant set of policies: rsop.msc

#Local security setting: secpol.msc

#Services: services.msc

#Component services : comexp.msc

24. Turning of beep sound

=>start regedit:

HKEY-Current-user\software\microsoft\windows\current version\policies explorer

a Add Dword called No change start menu

=>Give it value 1

25. To make DOS restriction

=> go to H-key-current user/software/microsoft/windows/current version/policies

=> add new key under policy called "winoldAPP"

=>give its Dword value 1 in appropriate keys

=>to re enable them either delete the key or give its value 0

=>Disabled: disable ms prompt

No real mode: disables single mode ms-dos

26 .Control pannel restriction

=>Go to H-Key-current user\software\Microsoft\windows\current version\policies

(you can change value 0/1 to disable and enable respectively

*No disp cpl = disable control panel = disable display control panel

*No disp background page =hide background page

*No appearance page = hide appearance page

* No disp setting = hide setting page

*No sccpl = disable password control panel

*No pwd page = hide password change page

*No admin page = hide remote administration page

*No profile page = hide user page

*No devmgr page = hide device manager page

* No config page = hide hardware page

*No filksys page = hide file system button

*No virt mem page = hide virtual memory page

27 .Restricting start menu, explorer and desktop

=>Go to H-Key-current user\software\microsoft\windows\current version\policies

=>T here should already be at least a explorer and additional keys that can be treated under policies are win old App

=> you can then add Dword value set to 1 in the appropriate keys

=>to re enable them either delete the keys or set the value 0

*clear recent docs on exit = clear recent documents

*no add printer = adding new printer

*no close = shutdown computer

*no desktop = doesn’t shows desktops as well as show desktop menu in right click button

*no dev mgr update = windows 98 /me web update manager

*no drivers (bex) = hide driver in my computer

* No find = find command

* No internet icon = internet icon on desktop

* No net hood = network neighbor hood

* No recent docs history= recent in start menu

* No save setting = save setting on exit

* No set folder = folders in start menu setting

* No taskbar=task bar in start menu setting

* No smmy docs = my document folder in start menu

*no smmy pictures = my pictures folder in start menu

* No windows update= windows web update

II) Windows tips

28. How to start programme by run command with minimizing

=> then type<start\min [space] type any program name8 )

29. To unhide hidden file

=>attrib[space]-s[space]-r[space]-h[space]*.*/s[space]/d

30. How to shutdown win98 by batch file

=> c:\windows\rundll.exe

=>user exe exit windows exe

=>Exit restart

=>c:\windows\rundll.exe\ user exit windows

31. To make multiple folder

=>md[space]a[space]b[space]c[space]d[space]e (only in XP)

32. Shutdown computer from dos

=>c:\shutdown\-s-t[space]10

33. To search files and folder

=> c:\dir/s/d: find safe_better.htm

34. In thumbnail files name is not displayed

=>press <shift+ thumbnails>hide

<Shift+tile+thumbanail>show

34. How to recover the system

=>go to system backup <boot.ini>

=> c:\windows\pss

=>to open the event viewer

=>go to run

=>go to eventvwr

III) Protection from viruses

35. How to remove viruses from disk drives and USB

=> run\cmd

=>G:\ (May differ) 8

=>Dir\ah 8

=>attrib [space] s [space] r [space] h [space]*.*

36. How to remove system shutdown

=>go to command

=>type shutdown -a8

37. How to remove autorun.inf virus from hard disk

=>go to regedit

=>go to edit menu tab

=>type ravmon.exe\atutorun.exe

=>click search wait until ravmon or autorun appears and delete its shell folder

=>press f3 and delete others shell to

=>Repeat search and delete it using command

=>C:\attrib[space]-s[space]-h[space]autorun.inf

=>C:\attrib[space]-s[space]-h[space]ramvon.exe

=>C:\del[space]autorun.inf

=>C:\del[space]ramvon.exe

38. Remove viruses from disks

=>to remove viruses as gfone Trojan you must find its shell\mother folder

=>before it corrupts file or remove system 32 you should show all hidden folder

=>but some viruses delete folder option too for that type

: c:\attrib[space]-s[space]-h

=>delete its folder

39. Protection from viruses

=> To protect computer from viruses apply the following process

: do not open any external duplicates folder

: explore all files and the folder which doesn’t come on LHS is virus (except application files)

: do not open a new folder which properties tell that it is extension file (.exe)

40. Some antivirus to remove virus

Avast: .exe, new folder, shell duplicate, g-fone, worms

Norton: Trojan, worms, ping pong

Nod32:g-fone,unwanted applications, autorun.inf, Trojan, worms, bloody viruses, new folder, ravmon, shell duplicate

Kaspersky: Trojan

IV) Troubleshooting in ms word

41. How to remove autocorrect

=> go to tools menu and autocorrect option, type word you want to delete

42. How to remove overtype mode

=> to remove overtype mode press insert tab in keyboard

43. How to remove initial word half in Nepali font

=> go to tools menu

=> go to autocorrect

=>remove all the option there

44. If you are typing Nepali you will block instead of "a","g"

=> go to tools option

=>go to auto correct

=>go to autocorrect format as you type remove "straight quote" remove it form on auto text too

45. How to write in form of 1^st 2^nd

=> go to auto format then tick on ordinals 1^st with super script

(Offices with new versions 7, 10 has already this functions with italics, bold menus

46. How can I write in form of a²+b²

=>press ctrl + shift + +

47. How can I write in the form of CO₂ ,H₂O

=> Press ctrl + +

48. How to remove hyperlink

=> Ctrl + A = select all

=> Ctrl + 6 = remove hyperlink

49. How to justify

=> Press Ctrl+J

50. To maintain line spacing

=> Ctr+ = normal

=> Ctrl+2 = double

=> Ctrl+5 = 1(1/2)spacing

51. To make straight line

=>press

_ _ _ 8 = auto linings

= = = 8 = double line

*** (asterisk) 8 = thick dotted line

# # # 8 = shaded line

~ ~ ~ 8 = jick jack line

52. How to preserve directory of ms-word (in XP)

=>C:\windows\application\data\proof\custom

53. To copy formatting

=> Ctrl + shift + c

54. To paste formatting

=> Ctrl + shift + v

55. To change font of doing task

=> Ctrl + shift +F

56. To capitalize all text

=> Ctrl + shift + A

V) System troubleshooting

57. Symptoms

=> System is dead

=> No led or fan are on

Causes:

Power supply error
Motherboard error
CPU error (rear case)

Solution:

- Check power ports

- Check SMPS power supply is ok or not by checking pc cable

- Replace another mother board and try if problem again exist check with new motherboard and CPU

58. Symptoms

=> System is ok

=> Power led and fans is running

=>no display in monitor

Causes:

1. Monitor cable problem

2. Monitor problem

3. VGA card problem

Solution:

- Check monitor power cable and signal cable

- Try new monitor

- Change VGA card or try new monitor

59. Symptoms:

=> Every thing is ok

=>window boots normally but system restart after sometimes

Causes:

CPU heat sink problem

Solution:

- Change CPU fan or apply thermal paste between CPU and heat sink

- If your CPU clock speed is high and your SMPS gives high power then change your CPU fan with high speed fan or use copper head sink

60. Symptoms:

=> Continuous beep sound or low beep sound

=> Power and fan are running

=> No display

Causes:

RAM problem

Solution:

- Remove ram from slots then remove dust from slots and insert memory to try another slots

- If problem again exist try a new RAM

- If problem again exists then try a new mother board

61. Symptoms:

=> System is ok

=> Try to boot but locks when IDE drive checking

Causes:

IDE drive power cable loose or fail

Solution:

- Check IDE power cable

62. Symptoms:

=> Computer restarts without any warning and run normally but in certain time like 7-9 pm and 6-9 pm system restart

Causes:

Voltage problem in your home
Normally two beep sounds
Restart computer when monitor is off and on

Solution:

- Use voltage regulator UPS or inverter battery

- Do not use monitor power supply from ups if power voltage is low

63. Symptoms:

=> It takes longer time to boot

=>It search floppy drive in every boot

Causes:

Wrong BIOS system

Solution:

- Go to bios setting by pressing DEL/F2/F12 key on booting time

- Go to bios option to make setting as follows

- 1^st boot device : [CD/HDD]

- 2^nd boot device : [CD/HDD]

- 3^rdboot device : [CD/HDD]

- Other boot device : [No]

- Swap floppy drive : [Disable]

- Press ESC or F10

64. Symptoms:

=> System try to boot but restarts again, no display after first screen display

Causes:

RAM or motherboard problem

Solution:

- If your RAM is new may be ram problem

- Check with another RAM if problem exist again try new motherboard

65. Symptoms:

=> System appears to work but no video is displayed

Causes:

Monitor power is off
Graphics card error

Solution:

- Check monitor power cable and signal

- Try another display card

66. Symptoms:

=>During POST CPU and mother board speed not displayed

Causes:

1. BIOS is old

Solution

- Replace new BIOS or use new flash BIOS software

67. Symptoms:

=> CPU fan and other components run for some times and computer is dead

Causes:

Power supply is loose
Power voltage setting is wrong

Solution:

- Check power supply

- Always use 220/230 power setting

- 110/115 may damage your mother board or all component inside casing box as well as monitor

- 220/230V : developing countries

- 110/115V : developed countries

- Always use ventilated room

68. Symptoms:

=> System seems to run incorrectly for sometimes

Causes:

Improper BIOS speed in bios setting
Processer might be defective

Solution:

- Change CPU speed to lower from BIOS setting or from motherboard jumper setting

69. Symptoms:

=> System over heated oftenly and hangs

Causes:

Poor ventilation in casing box

Solution:

- Do not keep CPU box in closed to table or near wall

- Use Hard disk fan cooling casing box

70. Symptoms:

=> Operating system do not boot or lock

Causes:

OS error
Improper voltage setting
Wrong mother board and CPU speed
Poor heat sink
System files deleted or modified

Solution:

- Re install operating system

- Set motherboard and CPU speed from BIOS setting

71. Symptoms:

=>" Press F1 to resume or go to setting press del" message appears in first boot screen

Causes:

No longer device is present but not removed from BIOS list

Solution:

- Go to BIOS setting and re-detect all drivers as cd-rom ,floppy HDD, etc

VI) CD-ROM troubleshooting

72. Symptoms:

=> CD-drive can't read CD-ROM

Causes:

Lens is dirty
Virus
CD-ROM is scratched

Solution:

- Use CD cleaner instrument

- Try new CD

73. Symptoms:

=> CD-drive can't eject CD-ROM

Causes:

CD drive belt is loose or motors problem
Data cable loose or virus

Solution:

- Replace CD-drive belt

- Check data cable configuration

- Eject CD while computer is booting if ejected may be virus or driver problem

74. Symptoms:

=> Can't show movie or video CD any data CD which are running in another PC or CD

=> No disk error

Causes:

No ISO (Industry Standard Organization)
Incompatible while creating CD
Low burning speed while creating CD
CD-drive is not burning

Solution:

- Shut down PC and remove CD drive data cable and re-install. If boot PC at startup "found new hardware" appear supply any driver if these message is on your CD-drive.

75. Symptoms:

=> CD-drive cannot open directly the last song while viewing first song

=>CD drive take longer time to read CD

Causes:

Worm gear cant work properly
Lens is dirty

Solution:

- Change worm gear

- Clean lens from lens cleaner instrument

76. Symptoms:

=> Cannot detect CD

Causes:

Improper jumper setting
Data cable and power cable may be loose

Solution:

- Detect CD from BIOS

- Check jumper setting

- Data cable or power cable supply should be checked

77. Symptoms:

=>Movie is flickering in windows XP

Causes:

Display driver is not installed

Solution:

- Install VGA driver for mother board

VI) Way of assembling and dissembling

DSSEMBLING

Unscrew and remove cover
Discharge yourself ,your charge by using discharge gloves or by touching metal
Remove all power
Remove all data cable
Remove all motherboard cable and card
Unscrew motherboard and other devices

ASSEMBLING

Red color wire always outward or RHS
In AT mother board black wire of power supply should be in same side
See port code and its explanation in central part of motherboard

Building Your own PC.

1. Purchase / collect the component

2. Remove case cover

3. Case preparation

4. Configuring Motherboard

5. Install CPU

6. Install Heat sink/Fan

7. Install Memory

8. Install Motherboard

9. Install I/O connection & Mouse

10. Hook the motherboard to case

11. Install Hard drive

12. Install floppy drive

13. Install CD-ROM

14. Connect floppy drive, Hard disk & CD-ROM

15. Install Video card (if necessary)

16. Post Assembly

17. Initial Boot-up

18. Configure BIOS

19. Test the system

20. Prepare Hard disk

21. Install the Operating System

22. Install Drivers

23. Install Application Software

VGA PORT CONFIG

*PIN*	*NAME*	*DIRECTION*	*DISCRIPTION*
1.	*RED*	Ò	*RED VIDEO*
2.	*GREEN*	Ò	*GREEN VIDEO*
3.	*BLUE*	Ò	*BLUEVIDEO*
4.	*ID2*	Ñ	*MONITAL ID2*
5.	*GND*	*____*	*GROUND*
6.	*RED GND*	*____*	*RED GROUND*
7.	*GREEN GND*	*____*	*GREEN GROUND*
8.	*BLUE GND*	*____*	*BLUE GROUND*
9.	*KEY*	*____*	*NO PIN*
10.	*SGND*	*____*	*SYNCROUS GROUND*
11.	*ID0*	Ñ	*MONITAR ID BIT 0*
12.	*ID1*	Ñ	*MONITAR ID BIT 1*
13.	*HYNC/CSNYC*	Ò	*HORIZENTAL\COMPOSITE* *SYNCCRONIZATIONS*
14.	*VSYNC*	Ò	*VERTICAL SYNCRON*
15.	*ID0*	Ñ	*MONITAR ID BIT 3*

FIG: CONFIG TABLE

MOTHER BOARD MAIN POWER:

BLACK BLACK

1 6 1 6

*PIN (P8)*	*NAME*	*COLOUR*	*DISCRIPTION*
	PG	*ORANGE*	*POWER GOOD*
	*+5V*	*RED*	*+5DC*
	*+12V*	*YELLOW*	*+12V/DC*
	*-12V*	*BLUE*	*-12V/DC*
	*GND*	*BLACK*	*GROUND*
	*GND*	*BLACK*	GROUND

P(9)

*PIN*	*NAME*	*COLOUR*	*DISCRIPTION*
	*GND*	*BLACK*	*GROUND*
	*GND*	*BLACK*	*GROUND*
	*-5V*	*WHITE/YELLOW*	*-5V/DC*
	*+5V*	*RED*	*+5V/DC*
	*+5V*	*RED*	*+5V/DC*
	*+5V*	*RED*	*+5V/DC*

INTEL PROCESSERS AND IT SOCKET SLOTS (NEXT PAGED)

*SOCKET*	*PIN*	*SUPPORTED PROCESSER*
*SOCKET 1*	*169*	*486 SX2,DX/DX2* *FASTEST SPEED 133 MHZ*
*SOCKET 2*	*238*	*DX4 OVER DRIVE+FASTEST* *SPEED 133 MHZ 486 PENTIUM*
*SOCKET 3*	*237*	*OVER DRIVE,486 SX/SX,AMD 5X86 FASTEST SPEED 133 MHZ*
*SOCKET 4*	*273*	*CYRIX 5X86,PENTIUM 60/66,OVER DRIVE FASTEST SPEED 13 MHZ*
*SOCKET 5*	*320*	*PENTUM 75-133 OVER DRIVE,FASTEST SPEED(PENTIUM MMX)233 MHZ OR AMO K6*
*SOCKET 6*	*235*	*486 DX4,486 PENTIUM OVERDRIVE*
*SOCKET 7*	*321*	*PENTIUM 75 -233+MMX OVERDRIVE,AMDK5\K6CYRIXM,FASTEST SPEED IS 550 MHZ*
*SOCKET 8*	*387*	*PENTIUM PRO FASTEST CPU (333 MHZ) PENTIUM*
*SOCKET 370*	*370*	*FASTEST SPEED 1GHZ (IF 133 MHZ FSB) CELERON /FSB CELERON/PENTIUM III(933 IF 100 MHZ FSB) VIA C3*
*SOCKET 423*	*423*	*PENTIUM III,FASTEST SPEED GHZ (IF 1400 MHZ FSB)*
*SOCKET 478*	*478*	*SUPPORT OLD PENTIUM*
*SOCKET 603*		*SUPPORT 1.7 GHZ,XEON PROCESSER*
*SOCKET 775*	*775*	*SUPPORT NEW PENTIUM IV MODEL*
*PINLESS*		*SUPPORT NEW PENTIUM IV*
*SOCKET*		*PINLESS PROCESSER*
*SLOTS 1*		*CELERON 433(IF 66 MHZ) PENTIUM III 1 GHZ (IF 100MHZ FSB) PENTIUM III 1.13 MHZ (IF 133 MHZ FSB)*
*SLOTS 2*		*PENTIUM III,XEON 550 MHZ(IF 100 MHZ FSB)PENTIUM III,XEON 866 MHZ (IF 133 MHZ FSB)*
*SLOTS A*		*AMD ALTHON(KN) SECC 1 GHZ AND AMD ALTHON THUNDERBIRD*
*SOCKET A*	*462 PIN*	*AMD ALTHON,AMD DURON AMD ALTHON 4PGA,AMD ALTHON MP,950-1300 MHZ*